Which acid is recognized for its antibacterial properties?

Salicylic acid, classified as a beta hydroxy acid (BHA), is especially recognized for its antibacterial properties, making it a popular choice in treating acne and oily skin. Its ability to penetrate into the pores allows it to exfoliate the inner lining of the hair follicle, which helps to clear out excess sebum and dead skin cells, ultimately reducing the chances of bacterial growth that can contribute to acne formation. Furthermore, salicylic acid has anti-inflammatory properties, adding to its effectiveness in managing acne-prone skin.

Other acids listed, such as glycolic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid, while beneficial for exfoliation and skin texture improvement, do not demonstrate the same level of antibacterial effect as salicylic acid. Glycolic acid and lactic acid primarily function as alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) that exfoliate the skin's surface, promoting cell turnover and improving pigmentation and texture but are not specifically recognized for their antibacterial effects. Citric acid, also an AHA, is mainly used for its exfoliating and brightening properties, rather than for combating bacterial growth directly.